#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define Yasater cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0), cin.sync_with_stdio(0), cout.sync_with_stdio(0);
#define ll long long
#define ld long double
#define EPS 1e-9
#define INF INT_MAX
#define pb push_back
#define pf push_front
#define F first
#define S second
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define allr(x) x.rbegin(),x.rend()
#define rep(i, k, n) for(int i=k; i < n ; i++)
#define rev(i, n, k) for(int i = n; i>= k; i--)
#define yes cout << "YES" << endl;
#define no cout << "NO" << endl;
#define NIL -1

// alt + ctrl + l
// يا رب
const ll MOD = 1e9+7;
const ll N = 1e5 + 5;
const ll K = 5;
//const ll M = 100;
double const pi = 3.14159265359;
const int OO=0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll LOO=0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
int dx8[] = {+0, +0, -1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1};
int dy8[] = {-1, +1, +0, +0, +1, -1, +1, -1};
int dx4[] = {+0, +0, -1, +1};
int dy4[] = {-1, +1, +0, +0};
//struct cmp {
//    bool operator()(M const& p1, M const& p2)
//    {
//        return p1.dis > p2.dis;
//    }
//};

int main() {
    Yasater
    ll T = 1;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--) {
        ll n;
        cin >> n;
        vector<ll> v(n + 1);
        map<ll, ll> mp;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            cin >> v[i];
            mp[v[i]] = i;
        }
        ll ans = 0;
        ll mn = mp[0], mx = mp[0];
        mn = min(mn, mp[0]);
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            if(mx < mp[i] && mn < mp[i]){
                ll val = (mp[i] - 1 - mx + 1)*(mn);
                // 1 ----> mn --> mx --> mp[i] - 1;
                ans += val*i;
            }
            else if(mn > mp[i] && mx > mp[i]){
                ll val = (n - mx + 1)* (mn - (mp[i] + 1) + 1);
                // mp[i] + 1 ---> mn --> mx --> n
                ans += val*i;
            }
            mx = max(mx, mp[i]);
            mn = min(mn, mp[i]);
        }
        cout << ans + n << endl;

    }
}